Technology
Note: That technology is basically technical knowledge.
Technical Knowledge
Knowledge: The Engine of the Economy
Creation, diffusion, usage, and beyond.
"Technology diffusion" refers to the process by which new innovations, ideas, or technologies spread and are adopted across individuals, organizations, or societies.
- What is education?
- On Tacit Knowledge
- On Productive Knowledge
Technological Capabilities
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Technical Knowledge Diffusion
| Institution Name | Country/Region | Type/Model | Core Function | Governance Model | Focus Sector(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) | USA | Public-Private Partnership Network | SME manufacturing support, tech transfer | Federally funded, locally operated | Manufacturing | National network, broad manufacturing sectors |
| Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Industry Collaboration Units) | Germany | Applied Research Institutes Network | Industry-focused R\&D, technology transfer | Public research institutes | Manufacturing, engineering, IT | Includes SME support units within institutes |
| Catapult Centres | UK | Innovation and Technology Centers | Technology adoption, SME support | Government-funded, independent | Manufacturing, digital, materials | Network targeting key sectors with applied innovation |
| CSIRO Manufacturing Units | Australia | National Innovation Agency Units | Applied research, SME collaboration | Government agency | Advanced manufacturing | Integrated with national innovation strategy |
| Canada Manufacturing Extension Program (CanMEP) | Canada | Manufacturing Extension Program | SME manufacturing improvement | Government and industry partnership | Manufacturing | Inspired by MEP USA model |
| Tecnalia | Spain | Applied Research and Technology Center | SME collaboration, tech development | Public-private partnership | Manufacturing, energy, materials | Supports Basque industry clusters |
| TWI Ltd. (The Welding Institute) | UK | Research and Technology Organization | SME technical support and R\&D | Private non-profit | Manufacturing, welding, materials | Industry-focused, SME engagement |
| Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) | South Korea | Government Innovation Agency | Technology commercialization, SME innovation | Government agency | Manufacturing, ICT | Manages tech innovation and SME growth programs |
| SME Instrument (Horizon Europe) | European Union | EU Funding Program | SME innovation funding and support | European Commission | Cross-sector | Funding and support for innovation-oriented SMEs |
| Innovation Relay Centres (IRC) | EU (historical) | Technology Transfer Network | SME technology brokerage and networking | EU Commission-supported | Cross-sector | Predecessor to EEN (Enterprise Europe Network) |
| USDA Cooperative Extension Service | USA | Agricultural Extension System | Agricultural knowledge transfer to farmers | Federal and state partnership | Agriculture | Largest agricultural extension network globally |
| Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) | India | Agricultural Technology Transfer Centers | Rural innovation diffusion and training | Government funded | Agriculture | Local centers delivering extension and innovation |
| Agri-Tech East | UK | Innovation Network | Connecting agri-tech innovators with farmers | Membership-based, non-profit | Agriculture, agri-tech | Focused on accelerating agri-food innovation |
| European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT) Health | European Union | Knowledge and Innovation Community | Health innovation ecosystem and SME support | EU-funded consortium | Health and biotech | Promotes collaboration among academia, business, research |
| EIT InnoEnergy | European Union | Innovation Community | Sustainable energy innovation support | EU-funded consortium | Energy | Supports startups and SMEs in clean energy |
| NREL Technology Deployment | USA | Government Lab Technology Transfer | Commercialization and deployment of clean energy tech | Federal research lab | Energy and environment | Supports renewable energy commercialization |
| Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) | USA | Federal Innovation Funding Program | Funding tech innovation in startups and SMEs | Federal government | Cross-sector | Early-stage funding and commercialization support |
| AgriInnovation Program | Canada | Agricultural Innovation Funding | Technology adoption and market development | Government funded | Agriculture | Supports agri-food sector innovation |
| Digital Catapult | UK | Digital Innovation Center | Accelerate digital technology adoption | Government funded | Digital technology | Supports AI, IoT, blockchain SMEs |
Reference
- Industry Catalog
- Bell, M. and Pavitt, K. (1995) The Development of Technological Capabilities,’ in Haque, I. (ed.) Trade, Technology and International Competitiveness,Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
- Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advanted https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/014920639101700108
- The dynamic resource-based view: capability lifecycles https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smj.332