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Brazil

Tags: Observatorio ID: PRO-1333 L: 6 Status: Not started

A Country with many instruments; but without an strategy. Many players; Without a Game Plan.

A Country with difficulties with Identity and discuss it’s fundamentals problems; a Nearsighted Elite.

History

  • Colony?
  • Monarchy?
  • Republic?

Sociology

  • Catholic Culture?
  • Protestant Culture
  • African Culture

Modernization Models

  • Portuguese Empire
  • Empire of Brazil
  • Getulio Vargas / Corporatism 1930-1980
  • National Consumerism (PT)
    • Utilizing Natural Resources - Channeling Those Riches to Increase the Population's Consumption Capacity.
    • Failure: Is it possible and scalable with a kilo of rocks/soy/... to buy a kilo of a computer?
  • Natural Resources → Increase Productive Capacities
    • Not Attempting
  • Financials and Fiscalists / Decrease State / Liberals
    • Understanding that with only abstract and goal-oriented policies, a soy-exporting country can become a country that exports products with high technological content.
    • Companies do not invest in places where a financial religion mantra is followed; they invest where they see enough productive and economic vigor such that their investments are fertile. (E.g., Investments in China).

R&D Actors

Here is a table summarizing some notable research and development (R&D) actors in Brazil from the 1800s onwards, including their foundation year, defunct date (if applicable), parent organization, roles, and key focus areas:

Organization Foundation Year Defunct Date Parent Organization Roles Key Focus Areas
Instituto Butantan 1901 N/A São Paulo State Government Biomedical research, vaccine production Immunology, infectious diseases, vaccines
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) 1900 N/A Brazilian Ministry of Health Biomedical research, public health Health research, infectious diseases
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) 1973 N/A Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture Agricultural research Agriculture, biotechnology, sustainability
Institute of Technological Research (IPT) 1899 N/A São Paulo State Government Applied research, technology development Engineering, industrial technology
National Institute for Space Research (INPE) 1961 N/A Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Space research, satellite development Space technology, climate studies
National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA) 1952 N/A Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Environmental research, Amazon studies Biodiversity, ecology, environmental science
Brazilian Center for Research in Physics (CBPF) 1949 N/A Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Theoretical and experimental physics Physics, materials science
Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics (IMPA) 1952 N/A Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Mathematical research Mathematics, applied mathematics
Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) 1987 N/A Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) Synchrotron light research Physics, materials science, chemistry
University of São Paulo (USP) 1934 N/A Independent Higher education, research Multidisciplinary research
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) 1920 N/A Independent Higher education, research Multidisciplinary research
State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) 1966 N/A Independent Higher education, research Multidisciplinary research
National Institute of Technology (INT) 1921 N/A Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Technological innovation, applied research Engineering, industrial processes
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa e Inovação Industrial 2013 N/A
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa e Inovação Industrial (EMBRAPII) 2013 N/A Brazilian Federal Government (coordinated with MCTI; operates in partnership with SENAI and research institutions) Funding and coordination of applied industrial R&D; public–private collaboration Industrial innovation, applied engineering, manufacturing technologies, digital industry, energy, materials

Enterprises

Here is a table summarizing notable industrial and technology enterprises in Brazil from the 1800s onwards, including their foundation year, defunct date (if applicable), industry, key products or services, and current CEO or equivalent leader:

Company Name Foundation Year Defunct Date Industry Key Products/Services CEO/Leader
Gerdau 1901 N/A Steel Manufacturing Steel products, long steel Gustavo Werneck
CPFL Energia 1912 N/A Energy Electricity distribution, renewable energy Gustavo Estrella
Suzano 1924 N/A Pulp and Paper Pulp, paper products, renewable materials Walter Schalka
Itaú Unibanco 1924 (Itaú), 1945 (Unibanco), merged in 2008 N/A Banking and Financial Services Banking, insurance, financial services Milton Maluhy Filho
Vale 1942 N/A Mining and Metals Iron ore, nickel, logistics Eduardo Bartolomeo
CSN (Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional) 1941 N/A Steel Manufacturing Steel products, mining, logistics Benjamin Steinbruch
Banco Bradesco 1943 N/A Banking and Financial Services Banking, insurance, financial services Octavio de Lazari Jr.
Petrobras 1953 N/A Oil and Gas Petroleum, natural gas, energy production Jean Paul Prates
JBS 1953 N/A Food Processing Meat processing, food products Gilberto Tomazoni
Magazine Luiza 1957 N/A Retail Consumer electronics, home appliances Frederico Trajano
WEG Industries 1961 N/A Electrical Equipment Electric motors, automation solutions Harry Schmelzer Jr.
Embraer 1969 N/A Aerospace Aircraft manufacturing, aerospace engineering Francisco Gomes Neto
Natura &Co 1969 N/A Cosmetics Personal care, beauty products Fábio Barbosa
Totvs 1983 N/A Software Enterprise software, ERP solutions Dennis Herszkowicz
Ambev 1999 N/A Beverages Beer, soft drinks, non-alcoholic beverages Jean Jereissati
Braskem 2002 N/A Chemicals Petrochemicals, plastics, biopolymers Roberto Simões
Xero 2006 N/A Software Cloud-based accounting software Sukhinder Singh Cassidy
LanzaTech 2005 N/A Biotechnology Sustainable fuels and chemical production Jennifer Holmgren
Engesa (Engenheiros Especializados S.A.) 1963 1993 Defense Military vehicles, defense systems
Gurgel (Gurgel Motores) 1969 1996 Automotive Compact cars, electric vehicles, off-road vehicles
Gradiente (Industrial de Eletrônica S.A.) 1964 2008 (bankruptcy declared, the brand still exists) Consumer Electronics Audio and video equipment, home electronics
Telebrás (Telecomunicações Brasileiras S.A.) 1972 1998 (restructured) Telecommunications Telephony services, telecommunications infrastructure

This table includes some of Brazil's prominent industrial and technology enterprises from the 1800s onwards, highlighting their foundation year, defunct date (if applicable), industry, essential products or services, and current CEO or equivalent leader.

Exports

  • Bonelli, Regis. "Productivity, growth and industrial exports in Brazil." (1994).
  • Teitel, Simon, and Francisco E. Thoumi. "From import substitution to exports: the manufacturing exports experience of Argentina and Brazil." Economic Development and Cultural Change 34.3 (1986): 455-490.

Corporatism 1930-1980

1930-1980 Growth → 1980 - Actual Collapse.

  • Bustelo, Pablo. "La industrialización en América Latina y el Este de Ásia: una comparación entre Brasil y Taiwán, 1930-1980." La industria en períodos de transición 2.2 (1992).
  • Lopes, Sérgio. "El papel de las instituciones en el proceso de industrialización y crecimiento económico en Brasil (1930-1980).”
  • "In Brazil - If a citizen lends to another at an interest rate higher than 20% annually, it is a crime. But if financial institutions do it, it's not.”
  • …

Lava Jato

Complicated case with mix interest - outside justice; if members of companys are corrupt you attach them; not the companys themselves.

  • Othon Luiz Pinheiro da Silva: Nuclear Engineer - Was arrested again by the Federal Police in an offshoot of Operation Car Wash, named Pripyat, which investigates corruption in Eletrobras.

Commodities

  • -- Brazil and Cofee --- O estudo recente do Radar Tecnológico do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI), em parceria com o Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo (Ifes), trouxe o Mapeamento dos pedidos de patentes sobre tecnologias relacionadas ao café em todo o mundo. Através dos dados, fica claro o posicionamento dos países na Cadeia Global de Valor e como o Brasil se posiciona em camadas inferiores, menos desenvolvidas e menos lucrativas. Os dez principais países que solicitaram patentes de base tecnológica para o café nos últimos anos não são produtores de café, mas produzem máquinas, embalagens e bebidas à base de café. A China detém a maior quantidade, com mais de 18 mil pedidos de patentes em todo o mundo, seguida pelos EUA, com quase 15 mil pedidos, ambos países com forte política industrial e de desenvolvimento tecnológico. No entanto, o Brasil, o maior produtor mundial de café, fica apenas em 16º lugar no ranking das patentes de tecnologia para o produto. O Brasil ainda está preso à história de décadas atrás, com uma política comercial pautada na exportação de commodities, somada a baixos incentivos e alta taxação para a indústria nacional. Ao manter sua posição inferior na CGV, o Brasil serve de alicerce para o desenvolvimento de indústrias estrangeiras, que o utilizam como elo de abastecimento. A baixa complexidade econômica brasileira fica evidente quando analisamos os números do estudo do Radar Tecnológico. Há pouca diversificação diante do potencial produtivo do insumo que possuímos. Isso se ratifica ao observarmos os estados brasileiros: Minas Gerais (89), o maior produtor nacional do grão de café, não é o maior solicitante de patentes de tecnologia para o produto. Em vez disso, é São Paulo (215), que há décadas abandonou o café como indutor de sua economia e, através de sua industrialização, permitiu uma maior diversificação produtiva e desenvolvimento econômico.
  • https://www.paulogala.com.br/brasil-esta-na-base-menos-lucrativa-das-cadeias-globais-de-cafe/

References