| Civil Service |
Core administrative personnel inside Ministries |
PSC (senior), PSD (policy), Personnel Boards |
Low autonomy (centralized) |
Policy, strategy, governance, regulation |
| Statutory Boards |
Operational and technical agencies delivering services |
Individual Boards + PSD guidance |
High autonomy (decentralized) |
Execution, engineering, implementation, services |
| Public Service (Whole) |
Entire government workforce |
PSD (strategic HR), CSC (training) |
Mixed |
Whole-of-government culture, capability, digital transformation |